Leading to a voxel size of 1.6 1.6 6.0 mm. Gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist; Berlex Laboratories, Princeton, NJ) was injected (0.2 mmol/kg of body weight). Contrast material was injected 10 s after the start of imaging, at a rate of 5 mL/s, with the use of an MR.
- Mr. Contrast 1.6.6 Therapy
- Mr. Contrast 1.6.6 For Pc
- Mr. Contrast 1.6.6 Free
- Mr. Contrast 1.6.6 For Minecraft
- On 4D-CT parathyroid adenomas typically demonstrate intense enhancement on arterial phase, washout of contrast on delayed phase and low attenuation on non-contrast imaging 12. Secondary signs include 14: the polar vessel which represents an enlarged feeding artery or draining vein to the hypervascular parathyroid adenoma.
- In addition, high contrast-to-noise ratio at 3 T results in improved resolution for contrast-enhanced MR angiography (Fig 7). MR angiography can be performed in a shorter time at 3 T than at 1.5 T. MR angiography can be performed in a shorter time at 3 T than at 1.5 T.
The following examples are real-time MRI movies that represent preliminary applications of our novel method to various physiological processes. All data have been acquired at a field strength of 3 T using a Siemens Prismafit. A few preliminary applications exist at field strengths of 1.5 T and 7 T.
For technical details see Methodology.
The basic reference is: M. Uecker, S. Zhang, D. Voit, A. Karaus, K.D. Merboldt, J. Frahm. Real-time MRI at a resolution of 20 ms. NMR Biomed. 23, 986-994 (2010).[Online Version]
Overview: |
Joint Movements |
Oropharyngeal Functions |
Swallowing / Esophageal Function (10 ml Pineapple Juice) |
Cardiovascular Function |
Quantitative Blood Flow - Velocity-Encoded Phase-Contrast MRI |
Quantitative T1 Mapping |
Rapid Volume Coverage |
Interactive Real-time MRI |
3D Localization in Real Time - Spatially Encoded Phase-Contrast MRI |
Temporomandibular: Opening and Closing of the Mouth.
T1 Contrast | T2/T1 Contrast |
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled / Refocused Radial FLASH , 0.75 × 0.75 × 5 mm3, Acquisition Time 66.7 ms, 15 Frames per Second
Anterior Displacement without Reduction | Anterior Displacement with Reduction |
Experimental details: Refocused Radial FLASH , 0.75 × 0.75 × 5 mm3, Acquisition Time 66.7 ms, 15 Frames per Second
Collaboration: Krohn, Gersdorff, Bürgers, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
Reference: S Krohn et al, Eur J Radiol http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.10.020
Collaboration: Krohn, Gersdorff, Bürgers, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
Reference: S Krohn et al, Eur J Radiol http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.10.020
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled FLASH , 0.75 × 0.75 × 8 mm3, Acquisition Time 2 x 50.0 ms, 2 x 10 Frames per Second
Collaboration: Krohn, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, NORAS MRI products GmbH, Höchberg
Collaboration: Krohn, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, NORAS MRI products GmbH, Höchberg
Wrist
https://ridergenerous867.weebly.com/filemaker-pro-150.html. Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 0.75 × 0.75 mm2, Total Acquisition Time 50 ms, 20 Frames per Second
Collaboration: Seif, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, NORAS MRI products GmbH, Höchberg
Collaboration: Seif, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, NORAS MRI products GmbH, Höchberg
Speaking
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 1.4 × 1.4 × 8 mm3, Acquisition Time 18.0 ms, 55 Frames per Second.
Nasalization of Vowels
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 1.5 × 1.5 × 10 mm3, Acquisition Time 33.3 ms, 30 Frames per Second
Reference: A Niebergall et al, Magn Reson Med 69:477-485, 2013. [Online Version]
Reference: A Niebergall et al, Magn Reson Med 69:477-485, 2013. [Online Version]
Stuttering
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 1.4 × 1.4 × 8 mm3, Acquisition Time 18.0 ms, 55 Frames per Second
Collaboration: Sommer, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
Collaboration: Sommer, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
Singing and Horn Playing
Experimental details: radial FLASH, 1.5×1.5×10.0 mm3.
References:
Iltis, Peter W., et al., Human Movement Science 42 (2015): 132-145.[Online Version]
Iltis, Peter W., et al., Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery 5.3 (2015): 374-381.[Online Version]
Collaboration: PW Iltis, Boston; E Altenmüller, Hannover
References:
Iltis, Peter W., et al., Human Movement Science 42 (2015): 132-145.[Online Version]
Iltis, Peter W., et al., Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery 5.3 (2015): 374-381.[Online Version]
Collaboration: PW Iltis, Boston; E Altenmüller, Hannover
Normal Swallowing | Dysphagia |
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 1.3 × 1.3 × 8 mm3, Acquisition Time 40.0 ms, 25 Frames per Second.
References:
A Olthoff et al, 'On the physiology of normal swallowing as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging in real time.' Gastroenterology research and practice 2014.[Online Version]
A Olthoff et al, Evaluation of dysphagia by novel real-time magnetic resonance imaging. Neurology. [Online Version]
Collaboration: Olthoff, Beham & Ghadimi, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
References:
A Olthoff et al, 'On the physiology of normal swallowing as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging in real time.' Gastroenterology research and practice 2014.[Online Version]
A Olthoff et al, Evaluation of dysphagia by novel real-time magnetic resonance imaging. Neurology. [Online Version]
Collaboration: Olthoff, Beham & Ghadimi, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
Oral Cavity | Esophagus |
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 1.3 × 1.3 × 8 mm3, Acquisition Time 40.0 ms, 25 Frames per Second.
Collaboration: Olthoff, Beham & Ghadimi, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
Collaboration: Olthoff, Beham & Ghadimi, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
Esophageal Sphincter |
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 1.3 × 1.3 × 8 mm3, Acquisition Time 40.0 ms, 25 Frames per Second.
Reference: Zhang, S., et al. 'Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease using real-time magnetic resonance imaging.'
Scientific Reports (2015).[Online Version]
Collaboration: Olthoff, Beham & Ghadimi, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
Reference: Zhang, S., et al. 'Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease using real-time magnetic resonance imaging.'
Scientific Reports (2015).[Online Version]
Collaboration: Olthoff, Beham & Ghadimi, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
For recent overview about real-time MRI of cardiovascular functon see
'Real-time magnetic resonance imaging of cardiac function and flow — recent progress'.
Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2014 Oct; 4(5): 313–329.[Online Version]
Four-Chamber View | Short-Axis View |
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 1.6 × 1.6 × 6 mm3, Acquisition Time 33.3 ms, 30 Frames per Second.
Valsalva Manoeuver
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 1.6 × 1.6 × 6 mm3, Acquisition Time 33.3 ms, 30 Frames per Second.
55 & 100 Frames per Second
18.0 ms | 10.0 ms |
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 1.6 × 1.6 × 6 mm3, Acquisition Time 18.0 / 10.0 ms, 55 / 100 Frames per Second.
Balanced SSFP
Experimental details: Fully Balanced Radial FLASH, 1.6 × 1.6 × 6 mm3, Acquisition Time 33.3 ms, 30 Frames per Second.
Atrial Fibrillation
ECG-Synchronized CINE-MRI | Real-Time MRI |
Experimental details: Radial bSSFP, 1.6 × 1.6 × 6 mm3, Acquisition Time 33.3 ms, 30 Frames per Second.
Ascending Aorta, Venc = 200 cm s-1
Magnitude Image | Phase-Contrast Map | Analysis of 14 Heartbeats |
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 1.3 × 1.3 × 6 mm3, Acquisition Time 40.0 ms, 25 Frames per Second.
Reference: AA Joseph et al, NMR Biomed (2012) [Online Version]
Reference: AA Joseph et al, NMR Biomed (2012) [Online Version]
Aortic Valve Insufficiency & Stenosis, Venc = 300 cm s-1
Magnitude Image | Phase-Contrast Map | Analysis of 12 Heartbeats |
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 1.5 × 1.5 × 6 mm3, Acquisition Time 35.7 ms, 28 Frames per Second.
Reference: Untenberger et al, Magn Reson Med (2015) [Online Version]
Reference: Untenberger et al, Magn Reson Med (2015) [Online Version]
Blood Flow and Muscle Movement, Venc = 40 cm s-1
Magnitude Image | Phase-Contrast Map |
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 1.0 × 1.0 × 4 mm3, Acquisition Time 50 ms, 20 Frames per Second.
Reference: AA Joseph et al, Real-time MRI of deep venous flow during muscular exercise. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. [Online Version]
Collaboration: NORAS MRI products GmbH, Höchberg
Reference: AA Joseph et al, Real-time MRI of deep venous flow during muscular exercise. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. [Online Version]
Collaboration: NORAS MRI products GmbH, Höchberg
CSF Flow Through 3rd Ventricle: Repetitive Inspiration (2.5 s)
Adnx xteam v4 0 8. Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 0.75 × 0.75 × 5 mm3, Acquisition Time 50 ms, 20 Frames per Second.
Reference: S Dreha-Kulaczewski et al, J Neurosci 35:2485-2491 (2015) [Online Version]
Reference: S Dreha-Kulaczewski et al, J Neurosci 35:2485-2491 (2015) [Online Version]
Model-Based Reconstruction
Complex Difference - 28 fps | Model-based Reconstruction - 39 fps |
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 1.5 × 1.5 × 6 mm3, Acquisition Time 25.6 ms, 39 Frames per Second.
Reference: Tan et al, Magn Reson Med 77:1082-1093, 2017 [Online Version]
Reference: Tan et al, Magn Reson Med 77:1082-1093, 2017 [Online Version]
Single-Shot T1 Mapping (inversion recovery)
Mr. Contrast 1.6.6 Therapy
Seriel Images After Inversion | T1 / s |
Radial IR-FLASH, 0.75 × 0.75 × 6 mm3, Acquisition Time 81.5 ms per frame, Measurement Time 4 s
22 Brain Sections in 88 s | Slice #15, Magnified |
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 0.5 × 0.5 × 5 mm3, 64 ms per Frame, Measuring Time 4 s.
References:
X Wang et al, The Open Med Imaging J 9:1-8, 2015 [Online Version]
Hofer, Sabine, et al., Frontiers in Neuroanatomy 9 (2015). [Online Version]
References:
X Wang et al, The Open Med Imaging J 9:1-8, 2015 [Online Version]
Hofer, Sabine, et al., Frontiers in Neuroanatomy 9 (2015). [Online Version]
T1 / s | T1 / s |
Radial IR-FLASH, 1.3 × 1.3 × 8 mm3, Acquisition Time 61 ms per frame, Measurement Time 4 s
Downie 3.0 b17.
Downie 3.0 b17.
Liver & Kidney | Magnification |
RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH,1.0 × 1.0 × 8 mm3, 43 ms per Frame, Measuring Time 4 s
Reference: X Wang et al, The Open Med Imaging J 9:1-8, 2015 [Online Version]
Reference: X Wang et al, The Open Med Imaging J 9:1-8, 2015 [Online Version]
Cardiac T1 mapping with automatic masking of systolic frames
Diastolic cardiac T1 maps of a basal, mid-ventricular and apical section.Mr. Contrast 1.6.6 For Pc
Radial IR-FLASH, 1.0 × 1.0 × 6 mm3, Acquisition Time 43 ms per frame, Measurement Time 3 s per section
References: X Wang et al, High-resolution myocardial T1 mapping using single-shot inversion-recovery fast low-angle shot MRI with radial undersampling and iterative reconstruction, Br J Radiol. [Online Version]
References: X Wang et al, High-resolution myocardial T1 mapping using single-shot inversion-recovery fast low-angle shot MRI with radial undersampling and iterative reconstruction, Br J Radiol. [Online Version]
RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH | Refocused Radial FLASH |
Radial FLASH, 1.0 x 1.0 x 4.0 mm3, Automatic Slice Shift 0.8 mm, Acquisition Time 67 ms, 15 Frames per Second
Interactive slice positioning during real-time measurement of the human brain.
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 1.8 × 1.8 × 6 mm3, Acquisition Time 33.3 ms, 30 Frames per Second.
Mr. Contrast 1.6.6 Free
Interactive slice positioning during real-time measurement of the human heart.
Experimental details: RF-Spoiled Radial FLASH, 2.3 × 2.3 × 6 mm3, Acquisition Time 33.3 ms, 30 Frames per Second.
Real-time 3D MRI of a water-filled tube at 44 ms temporal resolution or 23 frames per second.
Experimental details: spatially encoded phase-contrast radial FLASH, 1.5×1.5 mm2, Total Acquisition Time 44 ms, 23 Frames per Second
3D Localization of the Human Hand at 40 ms Resolution.
Mr. Contrast 1.6.6 For Minecraft
Experimental details: spatially encoded phase-contrast radial FLASH, 2 × 2 mm2, Total Acquisition Time 40 ms, 25 Frames per Second
Reference: KD Merboldt et al, Magn Reson Med 66, 950-956 (2011) [Online Version]
Reference: KD Merboldt et al, Magn Reson Med 66, 950-956 (2011) [Online Version]